List of extreme points of India
The extreme points of India include the coordinates that are further north, south, east or west than any other location in India; and the highest and the lowest altitudes in the country. Also included in this list is the southern-most Indian station in Antarctica. India's northern-most and eastern-most points are in the disputed territory between India and Pakistan, and India and the People's Republic of China respectively. With the exception of Cape Cormin, the southern-most location of mainland India, all other extreme locations are uninhabited.
The latitude and longitude are expressed in decimal degree notation, in which a positive latitude value refers to the northern hemisphere, and a negative value refers to the southern hemisphere. Similarly, a positive longitude value refers to the eastern hemisphere, and a negative value refers to the western hemisphere. The coordinates used in this article are sourced from Google Earth, which makes use of the WGS84 geodetic reference system. Additionally, a negative altitude value refers to land below sea level.
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Extreme points
The northern-most point and the highest point that India claims lie in the disputed state of Kashmir. India's claim to the entire state is disputed by Pakistan, with the territory currently partitioned into Pakistan-administered Kashmir and the Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir.[1] This list provides the northern-most point as claimed by India; the northern-most disputed point that is administered by India; and the northern-most undisputed point in India. This case also applies to the highest elevated regions.
India's eastern-most state is Arunachal Pradesh. Part of the state is claimed by China, though administered by India, The eastern-most of Indian-administered territory is located in this disputed region.[2] Consequently, this list mentions both the disputed and undisputed eastern-most points in India.
| Heading | Location | Administrative entity | Bordering entity | Coordinates[nb 1] | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North (disputed, administered) |
Karakoram Pass, near the Siachen Glacier | Jammu and Kashmir | Xinjiang, People's Republic of China | [3] | |
| North (disputed, claimed) |
Dafdar in the Taghdumbash Pamir near Beyik Pass | Xinjiang, People's Republic of China | Wakhan Corridor, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan | [4] | |
| North (undisputed) |
Near Dharwas, Chamba district | Himachal Pradesh | Jammu and Kashmir | [5] | |
| South | Indira Point in the Nicobar Islands | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Indian Ocean | [4][6] | |
| South (mainland) | Cape Comorin near Kanyakumari | Tamil Nadu | Indian Ocean | [4][7] | |
| South (Antarctica) | Maitri in the Schirmacher Oasis area | Antarctica | N/A | [8] | |
| East (disputed, administered) |
Kibithu in Anjaw district | Arunachal Pradesh | Tibet, People's Republic of China | [4][9] | |
| East (undisputed) | Near Kumki, in the district of Changlang | Arunachal Pradesh | Kachin State, Myanmar | [10] | |
| West | Ghuar Mota in Kutch, near the Sir Creek | Gujarat | Arabian Sea | [11] |
Extreme altitude
| Extremity | Name | Altitude | Location | State | Coordinates | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highest (undisputed) | Kanchenjunga | 8,586 m (28,169 ft) | West Sikkim on the India-Nepal border | Sikkim | [4] | |
| Highest (disputed) | K2 | 8,611 m (28,251 ft) | Border between Kashmir and Xinjiang | Northern Areas Pakistan-administered Kashmir | [4] | |
| Highest (completely within India) |
Nanda Devi | 7,816 m (25,643 ft) | Garhwal Himalaya | Uttarakhand | [4] | |
| Lowest | Kuttanad | -2.2 m (−7.2 ft) | Alappuzha district | Kerala | [12] |
See also
- Geography of India
- Extreme points of Asia
- Kashmir conflict
Notes
- ↑ Coordinates obtained from Google Earth. Google Earth makes use of the WGS84 geodetic reference system.
References
- ↑ "Q&A: Kashmir dispute". BBC News. BBC. 2002-11-25. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/353352.stm. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ↑ "Why China claims Arunachal Pradesh". Rediff.com. 2006-11-16. http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/nov/16sld1.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ↑ "Google Maps (Jammu and Kashmir)". Google. http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=35.517697,77.814102&spn=0.127985,0.2211&z=12. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Thomas (2003). Manorama Yearbook 2003. Malayala Manorama Co. Ltd. p. 649. ISBN 81-900461-8-7.
- ↑ "Google Maps (Himachal Pradesh)". Google. http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=33.249024,76.827049&spn=0.06575,0.11055&z=13. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ↑ "Google Maps (Kashmir)". Google. http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=6.746782,93.84264&spn=0.019519,0.027637&z=15. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ↑ "Google Maps (Tamil Nadu)". Google. http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=8.06896,77.552319&spn=0.00973,0.013819&z=16. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ↑ "Activities in Antarctica". Geological Survey of India. http://www.gsi.gov.in/antarc.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ↑ "Google Maps (Arunachal Pradesh)". Google. http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=28.017135,97.403669&spn=0.017352,0.027637&z=15. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ↑ "Google Maps (Arunachal Pradesh)". Google. http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=27.125834,97.167377&spn=0.017493,0.027637&z=15. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ↑ "Google Maps (Gujarat)". Google. http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=23.712675,68.033094&spn=0.017996,0.027637&z=15. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ↑ Suchitra, M (2003-08-13). "Thirst below sea level". The Hindu. http://www.hinduonnet.com/mag/2003/07/13/stories/2003071300600200.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
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